Cold Hardiness of Woody Plants
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چکیده
stresses caused by their freezing and thawing. A key difference between a hardy plant and a non-hardy plant is believed to be where the ice forms in freezing: inside the living cells or outside of them. If ice forms inside of cells, it is almost always fatal to them, and this is probably the principal cause of frost kill in non-hardy plants. Normally hardy tissue may be killed by moderate temperatures that are reached by a rapid rate of freezing, e.g. 10°F per minute. These tissues would tolerate much lower temperatures under slower freezing. Here again, it is believed that ice formation inside of cells, triggered by the unusually rapid drop in temperature, is the cause of tissue death. Do such rapid temperature drops occur in nature? Under normal conditions, air temperatures usually do not drop faster than 5 to 10°F per hour. However, the rapid rate of freezing mentioned above has been measured in evergreen leaves during a sunny but very cold midwinter day when shade from a structure passes over the foliage. We believe, therefore, that damage from rapid freezing does occur in nature.
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